The tables presented in this section show the indicative values of a possible internalisation charge based on the application of the proposed revision of the Eurovignette Directive. Sample Corridors Main assumptions Duration and scheduling of the trips Time of departure assumes a somehow rational behaviour of the drivers (for instance starting the journey at night to avoid major congestion). However, a varied range of possible departure times has been simulated, in order to show the sensitivity of results. Departure times are as follows:
A further basic assumption is that the truck has two drivers, complying with the EU regulation about rest and driving time. “High Peak” periods correspond to the time slots 7-9 am and 6-8 pm, while “Medium Peak” periods are those immediately before and after High Peak: 6-7 and 9-10 am, 5-6 and 8-9 pm. “Off peak” periods are between 10-17 and 21-24. Night is between 0-6.
The average speed in free flow (off peak) is 80km/h (interurban areas) and 70km/h (sub-urban areas). In medium peaks speed goes down to respectively 60km/h and 50km/h, and further decreases to 50km/h and 40km/h in high peaks. At night average speed is taken to be 90km/h (interurban) and 80 km/h (suburban). As a result, indicative detailed itineraries are described for each corridor. Unit costs (without caps) Baseline unit costs (in €c/vkm) are calculated with the GRACE tool, with no caps or other constraints. Results (marginal external costs) are shown for a typical Euro 4 HGV > 32 ton: air pollution, congestion and noise are shown both separately and in total. Unit costs (with caps) Unit costs with caps are derived by application of the caps laid out by the EC Directive, for each external cost category. In practice this entails that, when the GRACE values are higher than the cap values, the latter are adopted, otherwise the GRACE values are maintained. |
